Methodology

Our tools model EV ownership using user-provided inputs and scenario assumptions. Results are directional estimates.

Core model blocks

• Energy cost: fuel vs charging mix and local unit prices.
• Operating cost: annual maintenance assumptions by powertrain.
• Switching cost: EV purchase, incentives, charger install, and trade-in value.
• Horizon analysis: multi-year comparison including break-even estimates.

Important limitations

• Real tariffs, incentives, insurance, and financing can vary by region and profile.
• Battery degradation, weather, and driving style may alter real outcomes.
• Models are educational and should be validated with local quotes before purchase decisions.

How to use results well

• Run conservative and optimistic scenarios, not one single estimate.
• Validate key assumptions with your local utility, insurer, and dealer.
• Use guides + tools together for better decision quality.